NEWS
ARCHITECTURE
FISKER POLICY
LEFT AND BELOW The Hornbaekus housing
development by Kay Fisker was his first housing
scheme, built in 1923. There are 300 apartments
over five floors, accessed by 29 staircases.
A new book on Danish architect Kay Fisker (1893-1965),
by architects Andrew Clancy and Colm Moore, shows how we
could learn valuable lessons from his innovative and beautifully
considered high-density, low-rise schemes
W
e are obsessed with stories of homes. The media is full of images of the places we live, and
stories of how and why they were built. There is something beautiful here an idea that
buildings capture part of our collective knowledge as a society. Thinking about how we
live, and how we try to live, defines a territory where the full spectrum of our lives from
matter-of-fact pragmatics to dreams form into a single built idea.
It is curious that this interest is focused in the main on one-off houses and doesnt also run to apartment living,
housing for the aged or other forms of housing. Social housing sits in the political pages as a problem to be solved,
as a debate between economists and politicians. These conversations matter, but collective housing should also be
something discussed in the design pages, as a source of delight and wonder. We know our population is growing
faster than any other European country. Our future depends on housing that is collective, congregational, and
social. It is time we talked about the design of collective housing that works for the full diversity of our people,
stitched into the climates and habits of this place.
It was this attitude that led us to the study of lesser-known examples of social housing around Europe with our
students, and eventually to the Danish architect Kay Fisker. Here we found remarkable buildings, made at great
scale and economy in the face of profound population growth and displacement in Denmark during the first half
of the 20th century. Fiskers attitude was remarkable, focusing his design around
what he called the conditions of life. His approach was developed with great
empathy for those who lived in his buildings, focusing on the dignity of the
everyday. His first monumental social housing block, Hornbaekhus, opened 100
years ago and remains a masterpiece of economy and humanity. Commissioned
by a workers collective, it contains over 300 apartments behind 2,000 identical
windows. In his hands, the scale was not alienating. The windows were
graceful, carefully crafted to the touch. Each apartment has a front and back
door, the latter opening via a service stairs to a vast shared courtyard garden.
This garden is where children play, bikes are stored, clothes dried and people
meet. The frontage makes a street, and adds to the city. Robustly built with the
everyday materials of the place where it was designed, its cost was repaid via
low rents within 25 years, with the structure lasting far longer. It continues to
thrive, highly desired as a place to live. A huge number of other architects and
collectives copied Fiskers ideas for Hornbaekhus. Much of what makes Copenhagen such a great city to live
in is sourced in these dense, low-rise, lushly planted parts of the city. Fisker did this recurrently taking care to
reinvent typologies to allow collective housing operate at both the scale of the city and the life of a single person
or family all at once. They work in the rain, and in sun. They work for the young and the elderly. They speak of a
community and tell stories of the complex human need for closeness and privacy that make our cities what they
are. They remind us of our own Georgian terraces, or the housing by the Iveagh Trust simple humane exercises
in gentle repetition, economy and grace. Their simplicity belies the genius behind their design.
In order that Fiskers work be better understood, we were asked to capture his ideas in a book, which is now
published. Here in Ireland, we are just beginning to wake up to the necessity for the most skilled designers
to be involved in the making of social and collective housing. As we see with Fisker and Denmark, if we can
get this right we can house everyone and shape our cities positively for centuries. www.clancymoore.com.
Kay Fisker: Danish Functionalism and Block-Based Housing, by Andrew Clancy and Colm Moore, Lund
Humphries Publishers, £49, is available from the RIAI bookshop at 8 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, and Waterstones.
IT IS TIME WE
TALKED ABOUT
THE DESIGN
OF COLLECTIVE
HOUSING FOR THE
FULL DIVERSITY
OF OUR PEOPLE ...
42 Autumn/Winter 2022 THE GLOSS INTERIORS
LEFT AND BELOW
Gullfosshus, built
in 1932, its austere
monumental brick
facade compensated
for by the large inner
courtyard garden and
communal space.
BELOW Verstersohus, built in two phases in 1935
and 1939, has recessed balconies to give wider
and more useable space.
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NEWS ARCHITECTURE FISKER POLICY LEFT AND BELOW The Hornbaekus housing development by Kay Fisker was his first housing scheme, built in 1923. There are 300 apartments over five floors, accessed by 29 staircases. A new book on Danish architect Kay Fisker (1893-1965), by architects Andrew Clancy and
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